What is Knowledge? Defining the Concept and Why it Matters

Knowledge is a familiar yet complex concept. We use the word constantly in everyday language, but what exactly does it mean to “know” something? Is knowledge simply facts and information, or is it deeper understanding and wisdom? How does knowledge relate to beliefs, truth, and certainty? Defining knowledge raises profound philosophical questions.

What is knowledge? Knowledge refers to what we know – the facts, information, skills, and understanding we have acquired through learning and experience. The traditional definition describes knowledge as “justified true belief” – when we believe something to be true, have justification for believing it (evidence, logical reasoning, etc.), and it turns out to be true. This raises the question of how we can ever be certain we “know” something, given the difficulty of justifying absolute truth.

Knowledge definition

What is knowledge definition? Philosophers have debated the nature and sources of knowledge for centuries. While a universal definition remains elusive, we can identify key attributes that characterize knowledge:

• Knowledge builds on information – mere bits of data or facts are the raw material. Organizing and integrating information in meaningful ways through comprehension and understanding creates knowledge.
• Knowledge requires context – to understand information, we need a framework to interpret and apply it effectively. Knowledge derives from experience, associations, and accumulated learning that provide context.
• Knowledge leads to know-how – the ultimate purpose is the ability to use information successfully for a purpose. Knowledge enables effective action, problem-solving, decision making, skills, and capabilities.
• Knowledge is dynamic – it evolves and grows with new insights, discoveries, and experiences. Absolute certainty is rare. Knowledge adapts in response to changing contexts and information.

Defining knowledge raises questions about its relationship to concepts like truth, beliefs, and wisdom. Knowledge differs from mere beliefs or opinions in requiring evidence-based justification and accuracy. It is more fluid than absolute truth, as new evidence or perspectives can expand, correct, or refine knowledge. Wisdom refers to discernment in applying knowledge effectively.

Why does it matter how we define knowledge?

The way we conceive of knowledge shapes how we acquire, validate, share, and apply it. Many of the controversies over “knowledge” stem from differences over:

• Sources of knowledge (experience, authorities, reasoning, evidence)
• Reliability and certainty of knowledge claims
• Static vs dynamic nature of knowledge
• Scope of knowledge (universal truths vs contextual, practical know-how)
• Relationship between knowledge and power.

A rigid view of knowledge as fixed, certain facts given by authorities can stifle free inquiry, creativity, and growth. But an overly relativistic view that rejects objective truth and universal principles can be equally problematic.

Finding a nuanced balance – appreciating the contextual, co-created nature of knowledge while seeking shared understanding through inclusive dialogue and questioning – is critical for science, democracy, and human progress.

How we define knowledge impacts everything from our education systems and academic disciplines to how we make decisions and policies about technology, health, society and more. Philosophical reflection matters. Being more aware of our own assumptions about the nature of knowledge can help us assess information and claims more effectively.

In everyday language, we will continue using “knowledge” and “knowing” broadly. But probing beneath these terms to understand their complexity is necessary, not just an abstract academic discussion. Our concept of knowledge shapes how we see the world and live in it.

In summary, while a single definition of knowledge may be elusive, recognizing key traits can deepen our understanding:

• Knowledge builds on information made meaningful through comprehending contexts and connections.
• It relies on some justification through reasoning, testing, or authoritative sources, but remains open to revision with new evidence.
• Knowledge enables action, know-how, problem-solving, skills, and capabilities.
• It evolves dynamically as we have new experiences and learn.
• How we define knowledge guides the way we acquire and apply it in all spheres of life.

Examining different perspectives on the nature of knowledge through history reveals dilemmas and tensions that persist today. Being more reflective and critical about unstated assumptions embedded in our knowledge practices can lead to more effective learning and sharing of knowledge.